Transform

=Transform Boundaires= > > [|Transform bounderies-]where crust is not produced or not destroyed as the plates slide horizontally past each one another. The Transfrom boundery is located by Washington and by Oregon plus its by California as it passes through San Francisco and passed through Los Angeles also. It ends up through the Pacific Ocean.
 * The majority of transform faults link the offset segments of oceanic ridges. But the transform faults also occur between plate margins with with the contenental drift.
 * The in California and the North Anatolian fault system in Turkey. These boundaries are conservative because plate interaction occurs without creating or destroying crust. Because the only motion along these faults is the sliding of plates past each other, the horizontal direction along the fault surface must parallel the direction of plate motion. The fault surfaces are rarely smooth, and pressure may build up when the plates on either side temporarily lock. This build-up of stress may be suddenly released in the form__-__ of an earthquake.



 Transform Plate Boundaries are locations where two plates slide past each other. The fracture zone that forms a transform plate boundary is a transform fault. Most transform faults are found in the ocean basin and connbect offsets in the mid-ocean ridges. A smaller number connect mid-ocean ridges and subduction zones. Transform faults can be distinguished from the astrike-slip faults because the sense of movement is in the opposite direction. A strike-slip fault is a simple offset, however, a transform fault is formed between two different plates, each moving away from the spreading center of a divergent plate boundary. In transform fault diagram above, imagine the double line as a divergent plate boundary and visualize which way the diverging plates would be moving. Transform faults are locations of recurring earthquake activity and faulting. The earthquakes are usually shallow because they occur within and between plates that are not involved in subduction. Volcanic activity is normally not present because the typical magma sources of an upwelling convection current or a melting subducting plate are not present. (http://geology.com/nsta/transform-plate-boundaries.shtml) 



=The San Andreas Fault=

What is it?
 Two moving plates meet in western California, the boudary between them is called the [|San Andreas fault.]The Pacific Plate(on the west) moves northwestward relative to the North American Plate(on the east) causing earthquakesalong the fault(http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/earthq3/move.html pg1). The San Andreas fault is more than 800 miles long and extends to depths of at least 10 miles within the Earth( http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/earthq3/move.htmlpg1). The figure below shows the general location of the San Andreas fault and several other major faults in California.

What Kind of Movement Has Occurred Along the Fault?
The blocks on the San Andreas Fault move horizontally. If you stood on the left side of the fault and you look across to the other side of the fault you see that it has move to the right so you now that it is a transform boundary(http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/earthq3/move.htmlpg 4). In 1906 a major earthquake destroyed the region of San Fransico it's roads, fences and rows of trees and some of the bushes and the Tomales Bay was offset about 21ft( http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/earthq3/move.htmlpg.4). Geoglogist belive that the total displacement from earthquakes and creep is about 350 miles along the San Andreas Fault. Shifting is about 2 inches per year( http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/earthq3/move.htmlpg.4). .

Earthquakes Along the Fault
The map shows the location of all earthquakes of magnitude 1.5 and larger in the California-Nevada region during 1980( http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/earthq3/move.htmlpg 7). Literally thousands of small earthquakes occur in California each year, providing scientists with clear indications of places where faults cut the Earth's crust( http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/earthq3/move.htmlpg 7).

=5 Questions=

=1. What is a transfom boundary?= =2. What is the fault that is in California?= =**3. W****hat type** **of boundry is the San Andreas fault? 4. How long is the San Andreas fault?** 5. How far in depth is theSan Andreas?= = = =Linked Sources=

http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/earthq3/contents.html http://science.howstuffworks.com/earthquake2.htm http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/602606/transform-plate-boundary